TitleDirection-oriented fiber guiding with a tunable tri-layer-3D scaffold for periodontal regeneration.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2024
AuthorsAbraham S, Gupta P, Govarthanan K, Rao S, Santra TSubhra
JournalRSC Adv
Volume14
Issue28
Pagination19806-19822
Date Published2024 Jun 18
ISSN2046-2069
Abstract

Multilayered scaffolds mimicking mechanical and biological host tissue architectures are the current prerequisites for successful tissue regeneration. We propose our tunable tri-layered scaffold, designed to represent the native periodontium for potential regenerative applications. The fused deposition modeling platform is used to fabricate the novel movable three-layered polylactic acid scaffold mimicking cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone layers. The scaffold is further provided with multiple angulated fibers, offering directional guidance and facilitating the anchorage dependence on cell adhesion. Additionally, surface modifications of the scaffold were made by incorporating coatings like collagen and different concentrations of gelatin methacryloyl to enrich the cell adhesion and proliferation. The surface characterization of our designed scaffolds was performed using tribological studies, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography. Furthermore, the material characterization of this scaffold was investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The scaffold's mechanical characterization, such as strength and compression modulus, was demonstrated by compression testing. The L929 mouse fibroblast cells and MG63 human osteosarcoma cells have been cultured on the scaffold. The scaffold's superior biocompatibility was evaluated using fluorescence dye with fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, wound healing assay, MTT assay, and flow cytometry. The mineralization capability of the scaffolds was also studied. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the construction of a multilayered movable scaffold, which is highly biocompatible and most suitable for various downstream applications such as periodontium and tissue regeneration of complex, multilayered tissues.

DOI10.1039/d4ra01459f
Alternate JournalRSC Adv
PubMed ID38899033
PubMed Central IDPMC11186324