Department of Biotechnology
inStem (Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine)

Crystallography, Molecular Modeling, and COX-2 Inhibition Studies on Indolizine Derivatives.

Publication Type

Journal Article

Date of Publication

June 10, 2021

Journal

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Volume/Issue

26/12

ISSN

1420-3049

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is an important target for drug discovery and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have the advantage of reduced side-effects, which result from COX-1 inhibition that is usually observed with nonselective COX inhibitors. In this study, the design and synthesis of a new series of 7-methoxy indolizines as bioisostere indomethacin analogues (-) were carried out and evaluated for COX-2 enzyme inhibition. All the compounds showed activity in micromolar ranges, and the compound diethyl 3-(4-cyanobenzoyl)-7-methoxyindolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate () emerged as a promising COX-2 inhibitor with an IC of 5.84 µM, as compared to indomethacin (IC = 6.84 µM). The molecular modeling study of indolizines indicated that hydrophobic interactions were the major contribution to COX-2 inhibition. The title compound diethyl 3-(4-bromobenzoyl)-7-methoxyindolizine-1,2-dicarboxylate () was subjected for single-crystal X-ray studies, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and energy framework calculations. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the molecule () crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group 2/n with = 12.0497(6)Å, = 17.8324(10)Å, = 19.6052(11)Å, = 90.000°, = 100.372(1)°, = 90.000°, and V = 4143.8(4)Å. In addition, with the help of software program using the B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) basis set, the theoretical calculation of the interaction and graphical representation of energy value was measured in the form of the energy framework in terms of coulombic, dispersion, and total energy.

Alternate Journal

Molecules

PubMed ID

34200764

PubMed Central ID

PMC8230391

Authors

Katharigatta N Venugopala
Sandeep Chandrashekharappa
Christophe Tratrat
Pran Kishore Deb
Rahul D Nagdeve
Susanta K Nayak
Mohamed A Morsy
Pobitra Borah
Fawzi M Mahomoodally
Raghu Prasad Mailavaram
Mahesh Attimarad
Bandar E Aldhubiab
Nagaraja Sreeharsha
Anroop B Nair
Osama I Alwassil
Michelyne Haroun
Viresh Mohanlall
Pottathil Shinu
Rashmi Venugopala
Mahmoud Kandeel
Belakatte P Nandeshwarappa
Yasmine F Ibrahim

Keywords

Indolizines
Indomethacin
Structure-Activity Relationship
Humans
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Crystallography, X-Ray
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Cyclooxygenase 2
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors