Department of Biotechnology
inStem (Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine)

Loss of retinal stem cell reserve and lipofuscin accumulation accelerates cone-rod degeneration and replicates Stargardt disease in abca4b null zebrafish.

Publication Type

Journal Article

Date of Publication

November 21, 2025

Journal

Scientific reports

Volume/Issue

15/1

ISSN

2045-2322

Mutations in ABCA4 gene causes Stargardt macular degeneration, which manifests with toxic lipofuscin deposits in the outer retina, gradual atrophy of RPE cells, followed by photoreceptor cell loss. The cone-enriched retina, with macula-like ‘area-temporalis’ of zebrafish are better models than rodents for studying human macular dystrophies. Here, we generated abca4b knockout zebrafish model using CRISPR/Cas9 editing and evaluated the early and late-stage retinal changes. In adult abca4b mutants, the RPE cells exhibited hyperpigmentation, altered retinomotor behaviour and lipofuscin accumulation, but they remained viable. However, the photoreceptors underwent progressive degeneration, with a sequential loss of blue and UV cones, followed by red and green cones and finally the rod cells. This triggered the chronic activation and early depletion of retinal stem cells at the ciliary marginal zone of mutants and resulted in accelerated outer-retinal degeneration and severe visual defects, despite them retaining the Müller glia-dependant retinal repair potential.

Alternate Journal

Sci Rep

PubMed ID

41272236

PubMed Central ID

PMC12749496

Authors

Pidishetty D
Damera SK
Murugavel M
Susaimanickam PJ
Chittajallu SNSH
Kushawah G
Sarkar P
Bharadwaj SR
Mishra R
Mariappan I

Keywords

Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Animals
Cone-Rod Dystrophies
CRISPR-Cas Systems
Macular Degeneration
Mutation
Stem Cells
Gene Knockout Techniques
Zebrafish
Disease Models
Animal
Lipofuscin
Stargardt Disease
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
Zebrafish Proteins
Retina
Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells